Palmae

Calameae

Korthalsia echinometra Becc.

• Taxon no. : 189
• Status : Accepted
• Genus : Korthalsia
• Genus Author : Blume
• Specie : echinometra
• Specie Author: Becc.
• Rank : Species
• References:
[ 193], [ 1781], [ 1782], [ 1783], [ 3202],

Other names:

• Synonym : Korthalsia horrida Becc. [ 3121],
• Synonym : Korthalsia angustifolia Blume var. gracilis Miq. [ 3855],
• Synonym : Calamus ochreatus (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. [ 3401],
• Synonym : Daemonorops ochreatus (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn. [ 2746],

Descriptors:

• *Bracts subtending rachilla: relation : shorter than rachilla [ 1781],
• *Endosperm: form : ruminate [ 1781],
• *Epicarp scales (live material): colour : other [ 1781],
• *Flowering: expression : hermaphroditic
• *Fruit: exudate : without dragon's blood
• *Fruit: shape when mature : ovoid [ 1781],
• *Habit: form : Climber [ 1781],
• *Inflorescence: flowering behaviour : hapaxanthic [ 1781],
• *Inflorescence: position : suprafoliar [ 1781],
• *Inflorescence: relative length : shorter than leaves [ 1781],
• *Inflorescence: terminal form : not flagelliform [ 1781],
• *Inflorescences: rooting : not rooting at tips [ 1781],
• *Knee (leaf sheath): presence : without knee [ 1781],
• *Lamina (living): abaxial surface colour : chalky-white [ 1781],
• *Lamina scales: presence : absent [ 1781],
• *Lamina: indumentum : without indumentum [ 1781],
• *Lamina: spinules (minute spines) : without spinules [ 1781],
• *Leaf rachis: armature : armed [ 1781],
• *Leaf rachis: hairs : without hairs [ 1781],
• *Leaf rachis: indumentum : without indumentum [ 1781],
• *Leaf rachis: relative length : 2-3 times as long as petiole [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath indumentum: persistence : deciduous [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath indumentum: presence : scattered [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath scales: presence : absent [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines (excluding mouth spines): size : up to 3cm long (max) [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: arrangement : not grouped [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: base : not conspicuously bulbous-based [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: colour of base : not yellow [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: curvature : not reflexed [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: group arrangements : in irregular groups [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: margins : with smooth margins [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: orientation : horizontal [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: persistence : persistent [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: presence : sparse [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: shape in T.S. : flattened [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: shape : triangular (not tapering) (1cm< x < 3cm long) [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath spines: types : of uniform size [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath: colour : other [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath: flagellum : without flagellum [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath: hairs or spicules : without rigid hairs or spicules [ 1781],
• *Leaf sheath: surface : without horizontal ridges [ 1781],
• *Leaf: cirrus : cirrate [ 1781],
• *Leaf: lamina colour : not mottled [ 1781],
• *Leaflet apex: shape : praemorse [ 1781],
• *Leaflet bristles: presence : present at apex only [ 1781],
• *Leaflet margins: form : praemorse [ 1781],
• *Leaflet midribs: golen bristles : without golden bristles [ 1781],
• *Leaflet midribs: prominence : similar to other veins [ 1781],
• *Leaflet: plication : scarcely plicate [ 1781],
• *Leaflets (individual): max width : > 2cm but < 5cm wide [ 1781], not exceeding 2cm wide [ 1781],
• *Leaflets (not grouped): arrangement : regular [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: arrangement : not grouped [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: colour : discolorous [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: divarication : not divaricate [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: insertion : sessile [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: number : 11 > x < 39 on each side of rachis [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: orientation : (more or less) in one plane [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: shape : lanceolate [ 1781],
• *Leaflets: venation : parallel [ 1781],
• *Lowest leaflets: orientation : not reflexed across stem [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: ant association : with ant association [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: armature : armed [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: character : remaining entire [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: position : not diverging at an angle [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: presence : present [ 1781],
• *Ocrea: size : >11mm but < 30mm [ 1781],
• *Partial inflorescences: presence : present [ 1781],
• *Petiole base: auricles : without auricles [ 1781],
• *Petiole spines: arrangement : regularly arranged, not grouped [ 1781],
• *Petiole: armature : armed [ 1781],
• *Petiole: blotchiness : evenly coloured [ 1781],
• *Petiole: indumentum : without indumentum [ 1781],
• *Petiole: presence : present [ 1781],
• *Prophyll: relation : not enclosing inflorescence at maturity [ 1781],
• *Rachilla bracts: net-like : not net-like [ 1781],
• *Rachillae (pistillate): arrangement : not congested [ 1781],
• *Rachillae: armature : unarmed [ 1781],
• *Rachillae: colour : red or reddish brown [ 1781],
• *Shoots : Clustering [ 1781],
• *Stem (with sheath): diammeter : >11mm but < 39mm [ 1781],
• *Stem: branching : branching in canopy [ 1781],
• *Terminal leaflets: fusion : more or less free [ 1781],
• *Vegetation : Hill Rainforest [ 1781], [ 3202], Lowland rainforest [ 1781], [ 3202],
• Leaf sheath mouth: spines : with spines similar to those of the leaf sheath [ 1781],

Geographic Distribution:

• Asia-Malesia
[ 1785],
• Brunei
[ 1785],
• Kalimantan
[ 1785],
• Peninsular Malaysia
[ 1785],
• Sabah
[ 1785],
• Sarawak
[ 1785],
• Sumatera
[ 1785],

• Asia-Not Malesia
[ 2619],
• Indian Subcontinent
[ 2619],
• Nicobar Is.
[ 2619],

Vernacular Name:

• Howi Keras [ 276], Owei Lia (Murut) [ 277], Rotan Dahan (Tem.) [ 1783], [ 274], Rotan Semut (Tem.) [ 1783], Rotan Udang (Tem.) [ 1783], Wee Tujoh (Kayan) [ 278], Wi Wisro (Ib.) [ 1781], [ 273],

Uses:

• Cane [ 1783], Food-Fruit [ 4353],